CHAPTER – 3: METALS AND NON-METALS

CHAPTER – 3: METALS AND NON-METALS

VOLUME – 1

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which property of metals is used for making bells and strings of musical instruments like Sitar and Violin?
   a) Sonorousness
   b) Malleability
   c) Ductility
   d) Conductivity
   Answer: a) Sonorousness
2. Which of the following property is generally not shown by metals?
   a) Electrical conduction
   b) Sonorous in nature
   c) Dullness
   d) Ductility
   Answer: c) Dullness
3. The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is known as
   a) Ductility
   b) Malleability
   c) Sonorousness
   d) Conductivity
   Answer: a) Ductility
4. (Q1 in source) Which of the following is a property of non-metals?
   a) Brittle
   b) Ductile
   c) Non-conductive
   d) Non-lustrous
   Answer: b) Ductile
5. (Q2) Which metal is the best conductor of electricity?
   a) Iron
   b) Copper
   c) Zinc
   d) Aluminum
   Answer: b) Copper
6. (Q3) What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?
   a) It forms a salt and water
   b) It forms a salt and hydrogen gas
   c) It forms an oxide and water
   d) It forms an oxide and hydrogen gas
   Answer: b) It forms a salt and hydrogen gas
7. (Q4) Which gas is produced when a metal reacts with an acid?
   a) Oxygen
   b) Hydrogen
   c) Nitrogen
   d) Carbon dioxide
   Answer: b) Hydrogen
8. (Q5) Which of the following is a non-metal?
   a) Copper
   b) Iron
   c) Zinc
   d) Carbon
   Answer: d) Carbon
9. (Q6) Which metal is used in making jewelry due to its lustrous appearance?
   a) Iron
   b) Copper
   c) Gold
   d) Aluminum
   Answer: c) Gold
10. (Q7) Which metal is used in electrical wiring?
    a) Iron
    b) Copper
    c) Zinc
    d) Aluminum
    Answer: b) Copper
11. (Q8) Which metal is used in making machinery due to its strength and durability?
    a) Iron
    b) Copper
    c) Zinc
    d) Aluminum
    Answer: a) Iron
12. (Q9) Which of the following is a metal?
    a) Carbon
    b) Oxygen
    c) Copper
    d) Nitrogen
    Answer: c) Copper
13. (Q10) What happens when a metal reacts with oxygen?
    a) It forms a salt
    b) It forms an oxide
    c) It forms an acid
    d) It forms a base
    Answer: b) It forms an oxide

Assertion Reason Questions

In each of the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:

• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
• b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
• c) A is true but R is false.
• d) A is false but R is true.

11. Assertion: Metals are good conductors of electricity.
    Reason: Metals have free electrons that can move freely.
    Answer: (a). Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
12. Assertion: Non-metals are dull and non-lustrous.
    Reason: Non-metals have a low melting point.
    Answer: (c).The assertion is true, but the reason is false. Non-metals are dull and non-lustrous due to their electronic configuration

Very Short Answer Type Questions

13. Name the non-metal that can melt with heat of our palm?
    Ans- Gallium
14. Name a reducing agent that may be used to obtain manganese from manganese dioxide.
    Ans- Aluminium powder
15. Give an example metal and acid reaction
    Ans- Metals react with acids to form salt and hydrogen gas. Example: \[ Zn + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + H_2 \]
16. What is the difference between metals and non-metals in terms of appearance?
    Ans- Metals are shiny and lustrous, while non-metals are dull and non-lustrous.
17. Name an alloy of lead and tin.
    Ans- Solder

Short Answer Type Questions

18. What are the differences between metals and non-metals in terms of their physical properties?
    Ans- Metals are shiny, malleable, and ductile, while non-metals are dull, brittle, and non-ductile.
19. How do metals react with oxygen? Give an example
    Ans- Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides. Example: \[ 2Mg + O_2 \rightarrow 2MgO \]
20. What is the reactivity series of metals? Explain its significance.
    Ans- The reactivity series is a list of metals in order of their reactivity. It helps predict which metals will react with acids or other substances.
21. Describe the uses of metals in everyday life. Give examples.
    Ans- Metals are used in making machinery, electrical wires, and jewelry due to their strength, conductivity, and durability. Examples: Copper in electrical wiring, Iron in machinery.
22. How do non-metals react with acids? Give an example.
    Ans- Non-metals do not typically react with acids, but some may react under specific conditions. Example: Carbon reacts with nitric acid to form carbon dioxide.

Long Answer Type Questions

23. Describe four physical properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds.
    Ans-

    Ionic compounds	Covalent compounds
    Exist as solid at room temperature.	Exist as solid, liquid or gas.
    High m.p. and b.p.	Low melting and boiling point.
    Conduct electricity in aqueous solution or molten state.	Do not conduct electricity.
    Dissolve in polar solvents like water but non in non-polar or organic solvents.	Dissolve in non-polar or organic solvents but not in polar solvents.

24. State three reasons for the following.
    i) Believing that sodium is metal
    ii) Sulphur is non-metal
    Ans- i) Sodium is a metal because it has luster, loses electrons easily and conducts electricity like all other metals.
    ii. Sulphur is a non-metal because it is neither malleable nor ductile, it does not conduct heat and electricity and it does not lose electrons easily.
25. Enumerate the steps of extraction of metals from its ores in general.
    Ans- Steps of Extraction
    1. Mining: Extraction of ore from the earth through mining.
    2. Crushing and Grinding: Crushing and grinding the ore into smaller pieces to increase surface area.
    3. Concentration: Separating the metal-bearing minerals from impurities through various methods (e.g., flotation, magnetic separation).
    4. Roasting: Heating the concentrated ore in the presence of air to convert sulfides to oxides.
    5. Smelting: Heating the roasted ore with a reducing agent (e.g., carbon) to extract the metal.
    6. Refining: Purifying the extracted metal through various methods (e.g., electrolysis, distillation).
    These steps may vary depending on the type of metal and ore being extracted.

Case Based Questions

26. Metals are the elements which are often found in nature in combined form (as ores) but few metals occur in free state too. Metals possess such specific properties which make them very useful in practical life. The properties shown by them are lustrous surface, they can also be polished for obtaining a highly reflective surface, hard and strong in nature, good conductor of heat and electricity and also malleable and ductile. But few metals are exceptionally different too in some properties like Sodium and Potassium are exceptional cases in this case as they can be cut with knife. Metallic elements possess high melting and boiling points too.
    1. Name a metal which is the most abundant in earth crust?
    Ans- Al
    2. Name a metal which is poor conductor of heat.
    ANS- Pb
    3. i) Name a Metal with highest melting point:
    Ans- Tungsten
    ii). Bauxite is an ore of:
    Ans- Al
27. Non-metals are the elements which forms negatively charged ions by accepting electrons. They usually have 4,5,6 or 7 valence electrons in their outermost shell. They lack lustre and are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are good insulators and are mostly gases, few solid and one liquid at room temperature.
    1. Why chlorides of non-metals are covalent.
    2. Name a lustrous non-metal.
    3. i) Name A non-metals which is liquid at room temperature.
    ii) Name a solid non-metal.
    Ans-
    1. They share electrons.
    2. Iodine
    3. i) Bromine ii) Carbon